711 Secondary causes of osteoporosis include the following EXCEPT
A. Type 2 diabetes
B. Hyperparathyroidism
C. Hypogonadism
D. Vitamin C deficiency
E. Multiple myeloma
712 Of the following, the most likely cause of a metastatic bone tumour in an adult is
A. Osteosarcoma
B. Pancreatic carcinoma
C. Seminoma
D. Thyroid carcinoma
E. Renal cell carcinoma
713 Regarding osteoarthritis
A. Osteoblasts are stimulated to produce ILl and TNF
B. Lipase stimulation results in bony cysts
C. Articular fracture indicates coexisting osteoporosis
D. Water content of the bone matrix decreases
E. Sclerosis is a common finding
714. Regarding benign and malignant neoplasms
A. All malignant neoplasms can metastasise
B. 30% of newly diagnosed patients with malignancy have matastases
C. Benign tumours are anaplastic
D. Large numbers of mitoses are indicative of malignancy
E. Malignant neoplasms are always poorly differentiated
715. The most common cancer in men is
A. Lung
B. Colon and rectum
C. Prostate
D. Stomach
E. Leukaemia
716. The most common cause of cancer mortality in males aged 15-34 is
A. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
B. Lung
C. Brain
D. Leukaemia
E. Prostate
717. The most common cause of cancer mortality in females aged 15-34 is
A. Brain
B. Cervix
C. Leukaemia
D. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
E. Breast
718. Which of the following is the correct oncogenic virus disease association
A. HPV -Burkitt lymphoma
B. HTLV-l-nasopharyngeal carcinoma
C. EBV – B cell lymphoma
D. EBV -cervical carcimoma
E. HPV -cervical carcinoma
719.After occlusion of a coronary artery
A.The ischaemia is most pronounced in the epicardial region
B.Loss of contractility occurs only when ultra structural changes in the myocyte are present
C.Reperfusion of the ischaemic area can result in new cellular damage, due to the generation of oxygen free radicals
D.Q waves on an ECG are diagnostic of transmural infarction
E.None of the above
720. Which of the following is NOT a sign of anaplasia?
A. cytoplasmic & nuclear pleomorphism
B. large nucleoli & hyperchromic chromatin
C. presence of mitotic figures
D. disturbed orientation of cells
E. increased nuclear & cytoplasmic ratio