661. Transplant rejection involves
A. Type IV hypersensitivity only
B. Type IV and III hypersensitivity only
C. Type IV, III and II hypersensitivity only
D. Type IV and II hypersensitivity only
E. Type II and III hypersensitivity only
662. Major immune abnormalities associated with HIV infection include all of the following except
A. hypergammaglobulinaemia
B. inversion of CD4-CD8 ratio
C. decreased delayed hypersensitivity reactions
D. decreased monocyte HLA class II expression
E. decreased IL2 and IFNy production
663. Successful immune response to HIV during the acute phase of infection results from
A. increase in the CD4+ lymphocyte numbers
B. appearance of anti-HIV antibodies
C. Type III hypersensitivity reaction
D. lymphoid tissue based destruction of infected cells
E. development of CD8+ virus specific cytotoxic cells
664. With respect to macrophages, which of the following is not true
A. they can produce TNF and IL4 both of which cause fever
B. they have direct tissue toxicity due to the ability to release hydrogen peroxide
C. they have oxygen dependent microbicidal activity
D. they have cytotoxicity against tumour cells
E. they process antigens and act as antigen presenting cells to activate lymphocytes
665. In viral hepatitis
A. the majority of cases of acute Hepatitis B infection result in a carrier state, without clinical evidence of disease
B. anti HB s appears in the first week of infection
C. anti HCV IgG does not confer immunity to Hepatitis C
D. the major cause of death from Hepatitis B is hepatocellular carcinoma
E. Hepatitis A virus has an outer surface envelope of protein, lipid and carbohydrate
666. The most common cause of pericarditis is
A.SLE
B. drug hypersensitivity
C. trauma
D. post myocardial infarction
E. bacterial
667. All of the following are neoplastic syndromes associated with lung cancer except
A. Cushing’s syndrome
B. syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion
C. hypocalcaemia
D. carcinoid syndrome
E. hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
668. All of the following are features of rheumatic fever except
A. carditis
B. subcutaneous nodules
C. erythema nodosum
D. elevated antistreptolysin
E. aschoff bodies in the heart
669. Mediators of septic shock include all of the following except
A. IL6
B. C5a
C.PAF
D. catecholamines
E. TNF antibodies
670. Metaplasia is seen in all of the following except
A. respiratory epithelium of cigarette smokers
B. vitamin A excess
C. Barrett’s oesophagitis
D. epithelium of a pancreatic duct containing stones
E. foci of cell injury