1011. What are the limitations of Ohm ‘s law ?

Ans: Because these components are not bilateral, electronic tubes and transistors, as well as nonlinear elements like powdered iron and electric arc, cannot be used in Ohm’s law-compliant circuits.

1012. How does increase in temperature affect the resistance of (i) conductors and (ii) insulators ?

Ans: The resistance of the conductors (except of carbon ) increases with the increase in temperature, Therefore, on high temperature good conductors become bad conductors even , The insulators lose their insulating power with the increase in temperature and some may even become good conductors if the are strongly heated :

1013. What is meant by a potential divider ?

Ans. Utilized to produce a variable voltage from a constant supply voltage, the potential divider is a high-resistance device connected across the supply mains.

1014. What is principle of duality? does it hold good for series and parallel circuits ?

Ans. Two physical systems or phenomena are called dual if they are described by equations of the same mathematical form .The principle of duality holds goods for series and parallel circuits.

1015. Give the SI units of force,work, power and energy .

Ans. SI units of force,work, power and energy are newton,newton-meters(or joules), newton meter per second (or joules per second) and newton-metres( or joules) respectively .

1016. What is meant by ” Node”?

Ans. An intersection or hub is a point in an organization where at least two branches meet .

1017. Distinguish between mesh and loop of network ?

Ans: A shut way in an organization that is comprised of a few associated branches is known as a circle. A loop without any other loops is called a mesh.

1018. Distinguish between bilateral and unilateral elements with examples ?

Ans. The bilateral circuit is an electric circuit that has the same characteristics or properties in both directions, such as a distribution or transmission line. The distribution or transmission line can be made to perform its function equally well in both directions.
a type of electric circuit whose properties or characteristics shift in the opposite direction of its operation (such as a diode rectifier). the unilateral circuit is its name. A diode rectifier is unable to rectify in either direction.

1019. Comment on the methods of circuit analysis ?

Ans. The methods used for determination of response of a given network with given excitation are called the methods of circuit analysis .These methods are very helpful in reducing the amount of work involved in circuit analysis and therefore the methods using circuit reduction techniques and network theorems are very popular for circuit analysis :

1020. State superposition theorem?

Ans. In a network of linear impedances containing more than one sum of all currents which would flow at that point if each source was considered separately and all other sources are replaced by their internal impedances .